ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the tissueresponse of Type 2 diabetic subjects towards non surgicalperiodontal therapy as compared with matched, nondiabeticsubjects. This was a retrospective, comparativestudy using periodontal case notes of 40 subjects attendingundergraduates’ periodontal clinics (20 diabetics, 20 nondiabetics),who were selected based on the inclusionand exclusion criteria. Response towards non surgicalperiodontal therapy was assessed through three clinicalperiodontal parameters, namely plaque score, gingivitisscore and number of periodontal pocket ≥5mm at thebaseline and after initial non surgical periodontal therapy.Data obtained was then analyzed by SPSS Version 12.Both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects showed significantimprovements (p-value = 0.021; 0.000; 0.001 and 0.010;0.014; 0.001) in all three parameters after the therapy.However, when comparison was made between the twogroups, there was no significant difference (p-value = 0.913;0.892 and 0.903) in any of the parameters. Periodontalconditions improved clinically in both diabetic and nondiabeticsubjects after non-surgical periodontal therapy.Therefore, both groups responded similarly towards thetherapy and thus it can be postulated that well-controlleddiabetic status does not have a significant effect on theoutcome of periodontal therapy.
ABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant neoplasm of the bone. Osteosarcoma of the jaws especially those of maxilla is rare. The diagnosis of osteosarcomas is diff icult and challenging. In this case report we highlight a rare case of osteosarcoma of the maxilla in a 29 year old male patient which was highly aggressive and was initially diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma. This case highlights the difficulty in diagnosing osteosarcoma merely from incisional biopsy specimens which may not be representative of the whole tumour. Limited clinical information at incisional biopsy also adds to the difficulty in arriving at the definitive diagnosis. We further discuss the treatment modalities followed in this case.
ABSTRACT
Background: MDM2 and p53 are involved in a negative feedback loop where p53 regulates MDM2 at the transcriptional level. MDM2, in turn, downregulates p53. This co-ordinated interaction between these proteins is set to play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle progression following DNA damage to cells. The over-expression of both p53 and MDM2 has been reported in various cancers. However there are only few studies discussing the co-expression of MDM2 with p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of co-expression of p53, MDM2, and Ki-67 proteins with clinico-pathological factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to conduct a systematic review of the co-expression of p53/MDM2. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study and a systematic review. Formalin-fixed paraff inembedded tissues from 45 OSCC cases were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p53, MDM2, and Ki-67 proteins. Results: Immuno-reactivity for p53, MDM2, and Ki-67 was seen in 75.6%, 97.8%, and 62.2% cases of OSCC respectively. The co-expression of p53 and MDM2 (p53/MDM2) was detected in 97.1%, however there was no signif icant correlation between p53 and MDM2 expression. Notably, p53/MDM2 coexpression was significantly associated with tumour differentiation (p-value = 0.045). The Ki-67LI was not signif icantly associated with neither MDM2 nor p53/MDM2 co-expression (p-value = 0.268, 0.916 respectively). Conclusion: The expression of MDM2 was not signif icantly associated with p53 expression suggesting that MDM2 expression is mediated by p53-independent pathways or mutated p53 could not induce the expression of MDM2 in this set of OSCCs. The only clinico-pathological parameter that correlates significantly with co-expression of p53/MDM2 is tumour differentiation where it is suggestive that the co-expression of these 2 proteins is indicative of aggressive tumour behavior.